Bj baldwin biography sample
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Gettier problem
Philosophical problem about what constitutes knowledge
See also: Münchhausen trilemma
The Gettier problem, in the field of epistemology, is a landmark philosophical problem concerning the understanding of descriptive knowledge. Attributed to American philosopher Edmund Gettier, Gettier-type counterexamples (called "Gettier-cases") challenge the long-held justified true belief (JTB) account of knowledge. The JTB account holds that knowledge is equivalent to justified true belief; if all three conditions (justification, truth, and belief) are met of a given claim, then we have knowledge of that claim. In his three-page paper titled "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?",[1][2] Gettier attempts to illustrate by means of two counterexamples that there are cases where individuals can have a justified, true belief regarding a claim but still fail to know it because the reasons for the belief, while justified, turn out to be false. Thus, Gettier claims to have shown that the JTB account is inadequate because it does not account for all of the necessary and sufficient conditions for knowledge.
The terms "Gettier problem", "Gettier case", or even the adjective "Gettiered", are sometimes used to describe any case in the field of epistemology t
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 53 ()
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RICHARD BALDWIN TURNER October 7, December 22, BY MARSHALL GATES RICHARD B. TURNER was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota on October 7&#; to Hubert Michael Turner ant! Jessie Baldwin Turner, both highly cultured people and edu- cators. Their son&#;s entire life and career reflected this heri- tage. Hubert Turner was born in in HilIsboro, Illinois. After graduating from the University of TIlinois in , he stayed on as an assistant instructor for two years while taking graduate work in mathematics, physics, and electrical engi- neering. Here he met Jessie Baldwin, a teacher and graduate of the university in botany. They were married in ~ 9 ~ 2 while both were members of the faculty of the university. After an interlude in Minneapolis, where Dick was born, the family moved to New Haven in lL where Hubert Tur- ner took up an appointment as assistant professor of electri- cal engineering at the Sheffield Scientific